The effects of Norway spruce (Picea abies) seed treatment with cold plasma (CP), vacuum, and electromagnetic field (EMF) on germination and seedling growth are studied. CP treatments negatively affected germination ‘in vitro’, but for germination in cassettes CP (7 min) and EMF (5 min) significantly increased the germination yield. All treatments increase the germination rate in cassettes except CP (7 min) treatment having a negative effect. Seed treatment with CP and EMF increases the number of paramagnetic centers in dry seeds and modulate H2O2 production in germinating seeds. After the second vegetation season seedlings grown from CP (5 min) and CP (7 min) treated seeds, characterized by negative effects on either the germination rate or yield, have 50–60% larger height and 40–50% increased branching in comparison to the control seedlings.

A method of processing signals comprising: obtaining an electrical signal from one or more plant specimens; and processing said obtained electrical signal to generate plant data; wherein the plant data is data indicative of a characteristic of said one or more plant specimens, wherein said characteristic comprises at least one of: a measure of the health of said one or more plant specimens, a measure of the vitality of said one or more plant specimens, and a reaction to environmental changes of said one or more plant specimens.

В общем провел я достаточно объемную работу и сделал подборку по воздействию модулированного лазерного и радиочастотного излучения на биологические объекты.

... зачем?

Samples of human hemoglobin, bovine serum albumin, lysozyme and myoglobin were used as prototype of proteins to investigate their response to exposure to high frequency electromagnetic fields (HF-EMFs), in order to study possible application to the treatment of cancer.

To this aim, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used in the infrared region. The most evident result which appeared after 3 h exposure to HF-EMFs was a significant increase in intensity of the Amide I band and of CH2 bending vibrations, showing that the proteins aligned toward the direction of the field. In addition, proteins’ unfolding and aggregation occurred after exposure to HF-EMFs. These findings can be explained assuming a resonance interaction between the natural frequencies of proteins and HF-EMFs, which can induce iperpolarization of cells. Given that cancerous tissues were found to have natural frequencies different from natural frequencies of normal tissues, we can hypothesize to irradiate cancerous tissues using EMFs at natural frequencies of cancer cells, causing resonant interaction with cellular membrane channels, inducing increasing of ions’ flux across cellular channels and damaging the cellular functions of cancer cells.

KEYWORDS: Electromagnetic fields, resonance, proteins, FTIR spectroscopy, membrane channel, cancer treatment

natural frequencies of cancer cells, causing resonant interaction with cellular membrane channels, inducing increasing of ions’ flux across cellular channels and damaging the cellular functions of cancer cells.

KEYWORDS: Electromagnetic fields, resonance, proteins, FTIR spectroscopy, membrane channel, cancer treatment

Stimulus response caused by electromagnetic fields can be applied to medical treatments. However, it is well known that membrane potential on nerve cells has nonlinearity, so in the case of modulated signals, it is important to analyze the nonlinear stimulation effect based on a nerve cell model. In this paper, we paid attention to Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) model as the nerve cell model, and evaluated the stimulus response when nerve cells were exposed to low-frequency modulated radio signals based on the HH model. The stimulus response due to the modulated radio signals with various kinds of duty cycles and induced amplitudes were evaluated and discussed

Metabolic parameters in rats were studied at various stages of repeated exposure to modulated low-intensity UHF radiation. The volume of O2 consumption and level of heat release were reduced by day 4 of intermittent irradiation and remained low over the next 2 days in the absence of a source for electromagnetic radiation. The amount of expired CO2 slightly increased over the first 3 sessions of irradiation, but significantly decreased in the recovery period on days 5 and 6. Changes in metabolic parameters were most significant on day 7 of the study. It was manifested in the decrease of O2 consumption, CO2 release, and intensity of heat exchange not only during irradiation, but also in the inter-exposure period. Electromagnetic radiation can induce a change of metabolic processes in mammals, which is most pronounced during repeated irradiation and persists even under physiological resting conditions.

Methods and apparatuses (including systems, devices, etc.) for the treatment of neurological disorders, and particularly multiple sclerosis (MS) by the application of electromagnetic fields (EMF), and in particular, pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF), including a subset of PEMF in a radio frequency domain (e.g., pulse-modulated radio frequency or PRF). This treatment may prevent or delay the onset, and/or may reduce the severity of the onset of MS and MS-related symptoms

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of stimulating the brain oscillations at predetermined frequencies using low level modulated (40 Hz) microwave radiation (450 Hz). The field power density was 0.16 mW/cm2. The resting EEG of 14 subjects was recorded and EEG power at fixed frequencies was analyzed. A relative change in the EEG power during 10 cycles with and without radiation was used as a quantitative measure. Microwave radiation caused statistically significant increase in the average EEG power at expected 10, 20 and 30 Hz frequency bands. The results indicate that low-level modulated microwave radiation is able to stimulate brain oscillations at selected frequencies

A system and method for PEMF tissue engineering enhances musculoskeletal tissue stimulation by monitoring treatment for compliance with treatment regimens. A PEMF device includes sensors that detect attributes indicating whether the PEMF device is in use. The PEMF device also includes communication devices that connect it with other devices. The data obtained from the sensors may be used to determine a level of compliance in use of the tissue engineering device with a prescribed treatment regimen for the patient. The data is transferred via a paired UE to a remote server. The remote server stores the data in a database and periodically generates compliance reports. The compliance reports are shared with subscribing access devices including the prescribing physician. The UE pairing with the PEMF device maintains a treatment calendar and dynamically modifies reminders based on current treatment status. The treatment regimen may be updated and sent to the PEMF device.

Background: Modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT), a non-invasive intervention using 13.56 MHz radiofrequency, can selectively target cancers due to their elevated glycolysis (Warburg-effect), extracellular ion concentration and conductivity compared to normal tissues. We showed earlier that mEHT alone can provoke apoptosis and damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP) signals in human HT29 colorectal cancer xenografts of immunocompromised mice.

Materials: Here we tested the mEHT induced stress and immune responses in C26 colorectal cancer allografts of immunocompetent (BALB/c) mice between 12-72 h post-treatment. The right side of the symmetrical tumors grown in both femoral regions of mice were treated for 30 minutes, while the left side tumors served for untreated controls.

Results: Loco-regional mEHT treatment induced an ongoing and significant tumor damage with the blockade of cell cycle progression indicated by the loss of nuclear Ki67 protein. Nuclear shrinkage, apoptotic bodies and DNA fragmentation detected using TUNEL assay confirmed apoptosis. Cleaved/activated-caspase-8 and -caspase-3 upregulation along with mitochondrial translocation of bax protein and release of cytochrome-c were consistent with the activation of both the extrinsic and intrinsic caspase-dependent programmed cell death pathways. The prominent release of stress-associated Hsp70, calreticulin and HMGB1 proteins, relevant to DAMP signaling, was accompanied by the significant tumor infiltration by S100 positive antigen presenting dendritic cells and CD3 positive T-cells with only scant FoxP3 positive regulatory T-cells. In addition, mEHT combined with a chlorogenic acid rich T-cell promoting agent induced significant cell death both in the treated and the untreated contralateral tumors indicating a systemic anti-tumor effect.

Conclusions: mEHT induced caspase-dependent programmed cell death and the release of stress associated DAMP proteins in colorectal cancer allografts can provoke major immune cell infiltration. Accumulating antigen presenting dendritic cells and T-cells are likely to contribute to the ongoing tumor destruction by an immunogenic cell death mechanism both locally and through systemic effect at distant tumor sites.

Keywords: modulated electro-hyperthermia, colorectal cancer, apoptosis, damage signaling, immunogenic cell death, systemic effect.

One of the main characteristics of cancer tissues is poor development of neovascularization that results in a limited blood circulation. Because of this phenomenon, it is harder for cancer tissues to diffuse their elevated heat into other parts of the body. The scientific principle of radiofrequency hyperthermia relies on this quality of cancer tissues which with higher temperature becomes more apparent. Despite the obvious necessity to selectively heat the cancer tissue for radiofrequency hyperthermia, a proper thermosensitizer has not been developed until now. Here, we show that transferrin containing ferric ion could be an ideal thermosensitizer for the increased efficiency of radiofrequency hyperthermia. In our result, the ferric ion-enriched cancer tissues dramatically react with 13.56 MHz radiofrequency wave to cause cancer-selective dielectric temperature increment. The overall anticancer efficacy of a 13.56 MHz radiofrequency hyperthermia using transferrin as a thermosensitizer was much higher than the oncotherapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel, successfully eradicating cancer in a tumor-xenografted mouse experiment.

We propose a microwave signal generation system for brain stimulation. The existing brain stimulation system uses a signal of several tens of kHz, and the magnetic field distribution is wide. Microwave is used to locally limit the distribution of the electromagnetic field and to change the action potential of the cell with less power. The switch modulates the microwave signal to obtain a pulse envelope. The action potential of the cell can be controlled to the excitation/inhibition state by adjusting the repetition frequency. These results are confirmed by measuring the cell potential of the mouse brain

The present disclosure relates, according to some embodiments, to an electromagnetic resonance-based disease treatment system that comprises a processing unit configured to generate a resonant frequency signal and a radiating antenna configured to radiate an electromagnetic field based on the resonant frequency signal. The resonant frequency signal may carry at least one frequency at which reference materials related to a disease condition resonate. An antenna configuration may be used to determine one or more resonant frequencies of the reference materials. A subject having or at risk of having the disease condition may be exposed to the electromagnetic field in order to treat the disease condition.

Exposure to specific electromagnetic field (EMF) patterns can affect a variety of biological systems. We have shown that exposure to Thomas‐EMF, a low‐intensity, frequency‐modulated (25–6 Hz) EMF pattern, inhibited growth and altered cell signaling in malignant cells. Exposure to Thomas‐EMF for 1 h/day inhibited the growth of malignant cells including B16‐BL6 mouse melanoma cells, MDA‐MB‐231, MDA‐MB‐468, BT‐20, and MCF‐7 human breast cancer and HeLa cervical cancer cells but did not affect non‐malignant cells. The Thomas‐EMF‐dependent changes in cell proliferation were mediated by adenosine 3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways. Exposure of malignant cells to Thomas‐EMF transiently changed the level of cellular cAMP and promoted ERK phosphorylation. Pharmacologic inhibitors (SQ22536) and activators (forskolin) of cAMP production both blocked the ability of Thomas‐EMF to inhibit cell proliferation, and an inhibitor of the MAP kinase pathway (PD98059) was able to partially block Thomas‐EMF‐dependent inhibition of cell proliferation. Genetic modulation of protein kinase A (PKA) in B16‐BL6 cells also altered the effect of Thomas‐EMF on cell proliferation. Cells transfected with the constitutively active form of PKA (PKA‐CA), which interfered with ERK phosphorylation, also interfered with the Thomas‐EMF effect on cell proliferation. The non‐malignant cells did not show any EMF‐dependent changes in cAMP levels, ERK phosphorylation, or cell growth. These data indicate that exposure to the specific Thomas‐EMF pattern can inhibit the growth of malignant cells in a manner dependent on contributions from the cAMP and MAP kinase pathways. Bioelectromagnetics. 39;217–230, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Objective: High-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation is an emerging noninvasive therapy that we have shown increases cerebral blood flow (CBF) and tissue oxygenation in the healthy rat brain. In this work, we tested the effect of PEMF on the brain at high intracranial pressure (ICP). We previously showed that high ICP in rats caused a transition from capillary (CAP) to non-nutritive microvascular shunt (MVS) flow, tissue hypoxia and increased blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability.

Methods: Using in vivo two-photon laser scanning microscopy (2PLSM) over the rat parietal cortex, and studied the effects of PEMF on microvascular blood flow velocity, tissue oxygenation (NADH autofluorescence), BBB permeability and neuronal necrosis during 4 h of elevated ICP to 30 mmHg.

Results: PEMF significantly dilated arterioles, increased capillary blood flow velocity and reduced MVS/capillary ratio compared to sham-treated animals. These effects led to a significant decrease in tissue hypoxia, BBB degradation and neuronal necrosis.

Conclusions: PEMF attenuates high ICP-induced pathological microcirculatory changes, tissue hypoxia, BBB degradation and neuronal necrosis.

Keywords
Cerebral blood flow High intracranial pressure Microvascular shunts Pulsed electromagnetic field Rats

Purpose: In the present study we investigated the possible histopathological effects of pulse modulated Radiofrequency (RF) fields on the thyroid gland using light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunohistochemical methods.

Materials and methods: Two months old male Wistar rats were exposed to a 900 MHz pulse-modulated RF radiation at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 1.35 Watt/kg for 20 min/day for three weeks. The RF signals were pulse modulated by rectangular pulses with a repetition frequency of 217 Hz and a duty cycle of 1:8 (pulse width 0.576 ms). To assess thyroid endocrine disruption and estimate the degree of the pathology of the gland, we analysed structural alterations in follicular and colloidal diameters and areas, colloid content of the follicles, and height of the follicular epithelium. Apoptosis was confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy and assessing the activites of an initiator (caspase-9) and an effector (caspase-3) caspases that are important markers of cells undergoing apoptosis.

Results: Morphological analyses revealed hypothyrophy of the gland in the 900 MHz RF exposure group. The results indicated that thyroid hormone secretion was inhibited by the RF radiation. In addition, we also observed formation of apoptotic bodies and increased caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities in thyroid cells of the rats that were exposed to modulated RF fields.

Conclusion: The overall findings indicated that whole body exposure to pulse-modulated RF radiation that is similar to that emitted by global system for mobile communications (GSM) mobile phones can cause pathological changes in the thyroid gland by altering the gland structure and enhancing caspase-dependent pathways of apoptosis.

Keywords: radiofrequency radiation, thyroid gland, apoptosis, hypothyroidism, electromagnetic field

The present invention provides methods to modify the genetic regulation of mammalian tissue, bone, cells or any combination thereof by preferential activation, up-regulation and/or down-regulation. The method comprises steps of tuning the predetermined profiles of one or more time-varying stimulation fields by manipulating the B-Field magnitude, rising slew rate, rise time, falling slew rate, fall time, frequency, wavelength, and duty cycle, and exposing mammalian cells or tissues to one or more tuned time-varying stimulation fields with predetermined profiles. Examples of mammalian cells or tissues are chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, nucleus pulposus, associated tissue, or any combination. The resulted modification on gene regulation of these cells, tissues or bones may promote the retention, repair of and reduction of compromised mammalian cartilage, bone, and associated tissue.